In the middle and late stage of development of offshore heavy oil field, strong injection and strong production are mainly adopted. Under this kind of large volume of liquid scouring, the microscopic pore structure of reservoir and the efficiency of water drive oil are changed, which brings difficulty to understanding the law of water drive development in high water cut stage of oilfield. Through simulating long⁃term water flooding and scouring physical experiments, the variation law of each characteristic parameter of reservoir during the long term water flooding scouring process is studied. The results show that for high porosity and high permeability reservoirs after long⁃term water flooding, the porosity change is not obvious, permeability is obviously increased, and invalid circulation channels are easily formed. The characteristics of pore microcosmic change are obvious, the radius of pore throat increases and the seepage ability increases. With the increase of displacement ratio, the isosmotic point shifts to the right. When the water saturation is the same, the oil phase permeability increases, the water phase permeability decreases, the residual oil saturation decreases, and the oil displacement efficiency increases by nearly 10%. The research results have been used in the field test of 2 000 m3/d liquid production per well in offshore sandstone reservoirs with high water cut, which provides theoretical support for the formulation of development strategy in high water cut period of offshore oil fields.

Although the traditional profile control methods can displace and plug high reservoir and effectively use medium permeability reservoir. It is impossible to make effective use of low permeability reservoirs. The high formation pressure affects the injection volume and development effect of profile control and flooding agent. Taking medium⁃low permeability reservoirs as the research object, experimental study on weak gel and water alternating injection was carried out to reveal the mechanism and effect of cyclic deep profile control. The experimental results showed that the effect of cyclic deep profile control method was better than that of traditional profile control method. Compared with core No.1 (whole injection), the recovery of core No.2 (two rounds) was increased by 3.6%, and that of core No.3 (three rounds) by 5.3%. With the increase of injection cycles, the recovery rate increases, and the cyclic deep profile control method could improve the recovery rate of low permeability reservoir on the basis of effectively utilizing medium and high permeability layers. The field test results showed that after 2 rounds of gel deep flooding test, the cumulative oil volume in the experimental area was 1.53×104 t, and the recovery stage was 1.66%. The results have important practical significance for improving oil recovery in medium⁃low permeability reservoirs.

In order to solve the technical problem of injected fluid channeling in offshore oilfields,the basic performance evaluation of plugging agent,core hole plugging rate and the large⁃scale dominant channel treatment experiment of "plugging + profile control" oil increase and precipitation effect was carried out in Bohai reservoir. The results show that the blocking rate of blocking agent for large⁃scale dominant channel is higher than 90%,which indicates that it can meet the technical requirements of blocking large⁃scale dominant channel in Bohai reservoir.Combining the large⁃scale dominant channel plugging technology with chemical profile control and flooding technology,the dual effects of macro and micro fluid flow diversion can be obtained,and the effect of oil increase and precipitation is very obvious.Compared with hydrophobically associating polymer solution,although the viscosity of Cr3+ polymer gel is relatively low,the polymer molecular aggregates in Cr3+ polymer gel have "intramolecular" cross⁃linking structure characteristics,and have better compatibility with reservoir pores,which can establish an effective displacement pressure gradient in deep core,resulting in better fluid diversion effect and larger recovery.

This article simulated three mortar systems including mineral filler⁃asphalt,mineral filler⁃emulsified asphalt residue and cement⁃emulsified asphalt residue in cold recycled mixture with emulsified asphalt. The results show that cement⁃emulsified asphalt residue mortar owns higher modulus than the other two mortars because of cement hydration. The change of modulus and phase angle is different from that of ordinary mineral powder⁃asphalt mortar and mineral powder⁃emulsified asphalt mortar, and does not change linearly monotonously with powder⁃to⁃binder ratio. At the same time, the interface adhesive ability of cement⁃ emulsified asphalt residue is similar to that of the mineral filler⁃asphalt mortar, and much higher than that of the mineral filler⁃emulsified asphalt residue mortar in a lower filler dosage. In the process of mixture production, emulsified asphalt provides the initial stability of the mixture, and cement hydration and the formation of composite mortar system are the guarantee of the final cold recycled mixture strength.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g⁃C3N4) possesses a unique two⁃dimensional structure, which is used as a kind of excellent non⁃metallic semiconductor photocatalysts, owing to its visible light absorption, adjustable energy band grade, high stability, and so on. This review focus on recent research results and progress, and modification and catalytic mechanism related to photocatalysts are summarized based on microstructure changing, elemental doping, semiconductor loading, and multiphase composite of g⁃C3N4. Finally, the review presents the viewpoint for the development of g⁃C3N4⁃based photocatalytic performance.

Water lock damage is one of the main damage ways in low porosity and low permeability oil and gas fields, seriously affecting the normal exploitation of oil and gas fields. In order to find out the main factors affecting the water lock effect and effective methods to remove water lock damage, the variation of gas permeability before and after the reservoir core water lock was studied and the degree of water lock of rock samples was quantitatively evaluated using the rock samples from the condensate gas reservoir in Jilin oilfield as raw materials, through the indoor water lock damage experiment of reservoir core. The results showed that water lock effect was mainly caused by the water saturation, pore throat radius, the watersensitive illite, Yimeng mixed layer in the clay minerals with high content and hair and tufted convex. On this basis, the effect of methanol, slippery water and N ₂ injection on water lock damage was evaluated. It is proved that N ₂ unlocking effect is the best, permeability can be restored to about 30% of the original, methanol injection unlocking effect is better than sliver water, and the best amount of alcohol injection is 0.4 PV.

Based on the wetting theory, the wettability between different kinds of asphalt and mixture has been studied. The adhesion work is calculated by the data of asphalt surface tension and contact angle test, and the quantitative evaluation of the wettability between the asphalt and mixture in different temperature is carried out through the data of the adhesion work. The results show that, the adhesion work data between the same kinds of asphalt and different kinds of mixture are close at the same temperature, and it will be quite different if the type of asphalt is changed. The data variation of the adhesion work between asphalt and mixture with temperature presents the conic relationship, and there is a maximum point in the curve. Therefore, asphalt and mixture can keep in an optimum wetting condition in the specific temperature. The greater the viscosity and the soft point of asphalt, the higher temperature is need for asphalt and mixture getting to the optimum wetting condition. If the type of asphalt is in the same, the temperature of its optimum wetting condition is close. The maximum point of the adhesion work represents the optimum wetting condition between asphalt and mixture, which can be used to guide the selection of the best mixing temperature for asphalt and mixture.

       The influence of swelling and degradation process of the crumb rubber modified asphalt on the viscosity was investigated by analyzing the viscosity variation with the development time. And the mechanism was discussed through the degradation conversion of crumb rubber in asphalt as well. Three asphalts with different penetration grades were selected to test the viscosity variation due to the development time at different reaction temperatures, and the conversions of the crumb rubber were analyzed. The results show that the viscosity variation of the crumb rubber modified asphalt is mainly affected by the swelling and degradation reaction. At initial stage of the reaction, the swelling shows more influence on the viscosity variation than the degradation, but after the turning point, the degradation becomes the major factor. When the viscosity reaches stable state, it means the swelling and degradation of the crumb rubber finish. Increasing reaction temperature can accelerate the reaction speed of the swelling and degradation process of crumb rubber in the asphalt. Longer development time causes higher conversion. And higher reaction temperature results in the lower minimum viscosity and higher maximum conversion. It is proposed that the viscosity and the degradation conversion of crumb rubber modified asphalt could be controlled by selecting the optimized temperature and development time.

CuOZnOZrO2 catalyst was modified by combustion method, using Al2O3, CeO2, NiO metal oxides as promoters. The effects of Al2O3, CeO2, NiO on phase composition and catalyst structure were illuminated by using Xraydiffraction (XRD), temperatureprogrammed reduction ofhydrogen(H2TPR), temperatureprogrammed desorption of hydrogen (H2TPD) and carbon dioxide (CO2TPD) techniques. And the effects of the three chosen promoters on catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were studied in a fixedbed plug flow reactor. The results indicated that the three promotes of Al2O3, CeO2, NiO all contributed to improving theactivity of catalysts and CeO2modified catalyst had best catalytic performance. Moreover, the three promotes all could inhibit CuO crystal grain growth and improve the dispersion of CuO, which could benefit the reduction of catalysts and H2 adsorptiondissociation. Besides that, the three metal oxides could modulate the intensity amount of basic sites on the catalyst surface in different degrees. Comparing with NiOmodified catalyst, CeO2modified catalyst and Al2O3 modified catalyst both possessed higher basic intensity and more basia sites, which led to CO2 adsorptionactivation easily.

In order to explore a method of further enhancing oil recovery after alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding, taking Xingshugang oilfield in Daqing as an experiment platform and regarding oil recovery, water content and injection pressure as evaluation indicators on enhancing oil recovery, an experiment was conducted under the condition of the constant temperature and constant pressure. The results showed that alkali/surfactant/polymer with strong base system, surfactant polymer system and alkali/surfactant/polymer with weak base system could all further enhance oil recovery, and the effect of high concentration polymer liquor was the best. The greater the subsequent of the injection pressure rose, the more the recovery growth was. Taking into account the constraints of Daqing oilfield reservoir and equipment capacity. Based on the comprehensive consideration of technical and economic effects, aurfactant polymer system has more application prospects.

Aiming at technical demand on relieving the reverse of imbibition profile, displacement effect of alternate injection of Cr3+ polymer gel and water was studied, taking reservoir of Bohai oilfield as simulation object, regarding injection pressure, water content and recovery efficiency as evaluation index. Results showed that as the displacement agent flowed into the medium and low permeability layer, on the one hand, the swept volume was magnified. On the other hand, seepage resistance and start up pressure of imbibition were increased, thus resulting in the reverse of the imbibition profile. Once the alternate injection of Cr3+ polymer gel and water was adopted, polymer solution could get priority to flow into the high permeable layer and block off it, then subsequent water flowed into medium and low permeability layers to displace the oil. Therefore the phenomenon of the reverse of imbibition profile was relieved or even eliminated. Once the alternate injection of C3+ polymer gel and water was conducted in A22 injection well in LD5 - 2 Oilfield, injection pressure get increased, which was good for enlarging sweep volume effect.

The property and composition of ethylene cracking tar were investigated by four component analyses and the method of ndM. The results were shown that amount of the aromatic hydrocarbon, colloid and asphaltene was higher in the ethylene cracking tar. On the other hand, the delayed coke simulation test was carried on the selfmade apparatus based on the ethylene cracking tar as materials or doping different ratio of the ethylene cracking tar into the coking materials as material under the conditions was that the 500 ℃ and normal atmosphere. The results showed that the fraction of gasoline and wax oil was decreased, but the fraction of diesel oil and coke was increased under the doping ratio of ethylene cracking tar in coke material was increased. Compared with the industrial production device, under the doping ratio of ethylene cracking tar was 20%, the density of gasoline was nearly not changed, the fraction of sulfur and actual colloid were increased slightly, the initial boiling point and dry point of the middle distillate (200～350 ℃) was nearly not changed, however the density of the middle distillate (200～350 ℃) was increased, but the actual colloid was decreased. As for the coke, the fraction of volatile and ash was increased, but the fraction of water and sulfur was decreased apparent. The result mentioned above showed that the doping ratio of ethylene cracking tar was 20% will not affect apparently the production of the delayed coking. 

The foaming ability, viscosity, stability and microstructure of the weak gelSD foamer composite systems were studied by rheology, cylinder measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microscopy. The results demonstrated that the properties of weak gelSD foamer composite systems was improved obviously compared to the single flooding technology. When halflife period of the compounded system became longer, and the viscosity of foam increased, the foam stabilitywas enhanced. In the weak gelfoam composite system, an adsorption film of weak gel on the foam was formed easily, which meant that the foam was wrapped in the inside. The interfacial viscosity between gaseous and liquid phases was enhanced, preventing the foams to coalescence and breakup. Therefore, the viscosity and stability of foam were reinforced and the halflife period became longer.

The influence of salinity on the shape, size and plugging property of crosslinked polyacrylamide microspheres were studied by nuclearpore film filtration experiment and sandpacked model, rheology and dynamic light scattering. The results show that the microspheres with different salinity all plug effectively. The experiments of sandpacked model showed that the salinity has little effect on the plugging properties, and not affects the plugging depth in the model at all. The viscosity of microspheres dispersed system increased with the increasing of shear rate, which displayed the minimal dilatants liquid property, and the salt concentration had little influence on the rheology of crosslinked microspheres. When the salinity increased, the microspheres had more stereo sense and smaller size, but these are only small changes.

The effect of hydrothermal synthesis conditions on both relative crystallinity and phase purity of ZSM22 zeolites was investigated in SiO ₂Al ₂O ₃K ₂ODAHH ₂O system, hereby DAH referring to 1,6diaminohexane as template. The resulting samples were characterized by powder Xray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses in order to examine the structure, XRD phase, and chemical composition. As a result, several ZSM22 zeolites with the higher phase purity were synthesized at respective temperatures from 433 K up to 438 K by use of the different gels which involved SiO ₂/Al ₂O ₃ molar ratios of 80~100 and OH ^-/SiO ₂ molar ratios of 0.33~0.35. It is found that the relative crystallinity and phase purity of ZSM22 zeolites markedly varied as a function of crystallization temperature, SiO ₂/Al ₂O ₃ and OH ^-/SiO ₂ molar ratios. In fact, an adequate increase in crystallization temperature improves on ZSM22 phase purity, followed a significant enhancement of relative crystallinity. Although the ZSM5 crystal growth takes place predominantly in the solid phase, the decrease in the range of SiO ₂/Al ₂O ₃ ratio less than 80 leads to a gradual increase in the ZSM5 phase fraction while the increase in SiO ₂/Al ₂O ₃ ratio larger than 110 also enhances the phase fraction of cristobalite. Furthermore, Si/Al atomic ratios in ZSM22 framework located the range of 41.8~53.4, and by correlating the Si/Al ratio of ZSM22 framework with the SiO ₂/Al ₂O ₃ ratio of aluminosilicate gels, it is noted that the nominal ratios in ZSM22 framework tended to shift towards the center of the Si/Al ratio interval mentioned above.

A NiB/C catalyst was prepared by a chemical reduction method, and characterized by inductively coupled plasma direct-reading spectrometer (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Its catalytic properties were investigated by the reaction of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol (PAP). The characterization result suggests the composition of the amorphous NiB alloy is Ni79.4B20.6, the highest crystallization temperature is 643 K and the alloy particle size is about 30 nm. Nitrobenzene conversion of 80.23%, PAP yield of 11.21% was obtained. The results show that NiB/C catalyst had high catalytic activity on the reaction of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.

The sodium lignosulphonate-co-polycarboxylic acid water reducer was prepared by graft copolymerization of polycarboxylic acid monomer with raw material of sodium lignosulphonate in aqueous solutions. The processe was optimized, and the optimal conditions included 16% of sodium lignosulphonate dosage, 0.9∶1.0 of the molar ratio of PEG-1000 and MA, 2.8∶1.0 of molar ratio of AA and MA, 3 h of polymerization time, 4 h of esterification time. Under the above optimum conditions, the obtained product is 241 mm of the fluidity of cement paste when the dosage was 0.2% and the water cement ratio was 0.29. FT-IR spectra illustrated that functional groups including polyoxyethylene group, ester group, carboxylic group, acylamino etc have been grafted to sodium lignosulphonate successfully.

The molecular chain structure of BOPP special materials was characterized by successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) thermal analysis using DSC, and co-relation between crystallization behavior and molecular structure was established. The research results show that the value of Ipeak1/Ipeak2 in BOPP resin produced by Lanzhou petrochemical company ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, and the parameters of the distribution ranges from 1.052 to 1.071. This method have the advantages of time-saving and cost-saving, and which can be used in real-time monitoring of molecular structure.

Supported amorphous alloy NiB/C was used as catalyst, and zinc sulfate solution was used as acidic medium in the preparation of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol.The effect of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time, mass of NiB/C catalyst and zinc sulfate on the reaction were studied, the range of reaction conditions of higher selectivity of p-aminophenol was obtained. The better experimental program was determined through the establishment of the orthogonal experiment which has five factors and four levels: reaction temperature is 120 ℃, reaction pressure is 0.1 MPa, reaction time is 3 h, the catalyst addition is 3 g, zinc sulfate addition is 4 g. The results show that the conversion rate of nitrobenzene is 86.78%, the selectivity of p-aminophenol and aniline are 15.62% and 76.02% respectively.

According to the architecture and the characteristics of multi －fieldbus distributed control system，a novel multi －fieldbus distributed control oriented hierarchical and distributed multi －Agent system （MAS） architecture was constructed and
designed．The MAS was composed of system control Agent ，region control Agent and on－site Agent．It used OPC technology as communication mode throughout the whole system．By introducing the concept of regional Agent group，the system adopted a regional management based on Internet to realize effective management of the regional Agent group and the distributed coordinated control ．Finally，the main functions of each Agent were designed，and the communication model and the working process of multi －Agent system were also analyzed．

Stocks diversity is the precondition for ensuring the convergence of PSO algorithm. The definition of stocks diversity is clear and the operand is small, moreover which was analyzed by particle evolution degree and aggregation degree. A changed algorithm was proposed based on adjusting weight adaptively. The algorithm ensures population diversity and avoids premature convergence effectively. Simulation results indicate that this algorithm not only speeds up the population the evolution speed, but also strengthens the algorithm the overall situation astringency, and convergence of probability also increases from 15% to 100%.